JHVC

940.53

An Act of Faith (From the CBS series "Look Up and Live")  (1961)

Act

As Hitler's forces occupied country after country, the Jews of Europe were subjugated and deported to concentration camps, resulting in six million deaths. In striking contrast to the experience in other countries, the Jews of Denmark were saved by countrymen who refused to hand over their compatriots to the Nazis. First the Danes, led by King Christian and their clergy, flaunted Hitler's orders of oppression. Then, when deportation orders came in October 1943, Danes hid both Jewish friends and mere acquaintances. When Sweden offered asylum to the Danish Jews, the Danes responded by organizing risky, clandestine boat lifts to the neighboring country. Ninety-seven percent of Denmark's Jewish population of 8,000 survived the war because of the courage and compassion of their countrymen. An Act of Faith tells this story.

B&W. 28 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

F

ALAN & NAOMI  (1992)

Ala

Brooklyn born 14-year-old Alan is asked by his parents to befriend Naomi, a French girl who was emotionally traumatized by the Holocaust. Based on the award-winning children's book Alan & Naomi by Myron Levoy.

1 hr. 35 min. Rated PG.  AGE: 12 to Adult

Poignant Holocaust drama based on the true experiences of a Czech Jewish family in the late 1930’s, including a Kindertransport experience. When the film opens, the Silbersteins are a large and closely-knit family living an affluent life in the Czechoslovakian countryside. The family consists of five grown brothers and focuses most on two of them: Jakob Silberstein, a physician, and Jakob’s famous violinist brother, Sam. The story is told from the viewpoint of Jakob’s young son, David, a boy of around 10 who has had a happy and sheltered life. Jakob, the patriarch, dismisses reports of Hitler’s growing power and persecution of the Jews – even after Hitler has annexed part of Czechoslovakia. He is delighted to purchase a countryside villa (where the family vacations) from a fellow Jew for way under its market value – oblivious to the urgency with which the seller rids himself of it to immigrate to America. Jakob’s oldest daughter pleads with him to let her leave for Palestine with her fiancé – but Jakob forbids it. The family continues to ignore signs of impending danger until it is too late. Then Uncle Sam meets an English stockbroker named Nicholas Winton who describes to him a plan, called the Kindertransport, in which Czech Jewish children can be sent to safety in England. The family initially refuses this offer – until desperate, they contact Winton and decide to send David.

The framework of the film (its opening and closing) include real scenes from BBC television in which Nicholas Winton, in his 90’s, is reunited with some of the almost 700 children whose lives he saved. Most of these survivors did not learn until late in life the name of the man responsible for saving them, and the closing scene is especially heart rendering. The director’s mother was a survivor of the Kindertransport and this story is a fictionalized account of her recollections. Note: Similar to “The Garden of the Finzi Continis” (Italian) and “The Sky is Falling” (Italian), this film portrays affluent Jews so comfortable and confident in their lives that they ignore signs of impending danger from the Nazis. Pair this with Kindertransport documentaries “Into the Arms of Strangers” or “My Knees Were Jumping.”

In Czech with subtitles.  1 hr. 31 min.  AGE:  14 to Adult

940.53

AMBULANCE

Amb

A trigger film which conveys the harsh realities of a world turned upside down.  Nazis herd a group of children into an ambulance in which the gas exhaust pipe has been inverted to force the exhaust into the vehicle. The ambulance becomes the symbol of the gas chamber, and the children become the millions of innocents who were sent to their death.

B&W. 9 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

AMEN (2002) 

Political thriller that dramatizes the true story of how many religious leaders in the Vatican and in Germany ignored the persecution of European Jews during the Holocaust. Academy Award winning director, Costa-Gavras focuses his story on two men who try to reveal the truth to the church and the world about how Jews were being massacred. Kurt Gerstein, an SS Lieutenant and scientist, is appalled when he witnesses how the disinfectant he helped develop is being used to gas Jews. He enlists the aid of Father Riccardo, a young priest with ties to the Vatican. Costa-Gavras unveils how the church tolerated the Nazi atrocities and turned its face – out of self-protection, out of anti-Semitism and out of a greater desire to see Russian Communism crushed by the Nazis. He also makes it quite clear that the church could have had an impact. Early on, the film depicts how the church protested the euthanasia of the mentally deficient and how the Nazis yielded to the church’s pressure. Why then, this film asks, did the church not do the same for the Jews and thus avert attempted genocide? A powerful film that should invoke much discussion. Note: Includes some graphic and violent scenes.

2 hrs. 10 min.  AGE:  17 to Adult

940.53

AMERICA AND THE HOLOCAUST: DECEIT AND INDIFFERENCE  (1994)

Ame

Documentary of how American immigration policies during World War II prevented hundreds of thousands of Jews from finding refuge in the U.S. Topics included are President Roosevelt’s inaction, Assistant Secretary of State Breckinridge Long’s policy of “calculated bureaucratic delay” and the formation of the War Refugee Board. Also included is personal testimony of Kurt Klein—a young Jewish immigrant in America in the 1940’s—who tried desperately to bring his parents over from Europe and later became a liberator.

1 hr. 30 min.  AGE: 13 to Adult

ANGRY HARVEST (1985)

Psychological Holocaust-related drama from director Agnieszka Holland (Europa, Europa) starring Armin Mueller-Stahl. Mueller-Stahl plays Leon, a devout and lonely Polish Catholic farmer, a bachelor who hides a young Jewish woman who has escaped from a train bound for Nazi death camps. The film becomes a psychological thriller, a battle of wits and emotion as Leon falls in love with Rosa and becomes her captor as well as her protector.

In German with subtitles. 1 hr. 42 min.  AGE: Adult

940.53

ANNE FRANK REMEMBERED  (1995)

Ann

Academy Award-winning documentary about Anne Frank’s life, featuring vintage newsreels and photographs. Interspersed throughout are interviews with people who knew Anne—family, friends and Miep Gies, the woman who hid Anne’s family. The film gives a sense of Anne’s life before the war and the type of child she was. Then it follows her life in hiding and after capture—through excerpts from her diary and interviews with those who knew her. Engages the viewer from the start without the stiltedness of many documentaries. Narrated by Kenneth Branagh, with sections of the diary read aloud by Glenn Close.

2 hrs. 37 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

Mini-series (made for television) based on Melissa Muller’s biography of Anne Frank which offers a fuller picture of her life than the diary – depicting Anne before she went into hiding as well as graphically detailing the devastating end of her life. The film has been praised for achieving an emotional honesty - and criticized for using the controversial diary pages, which Otto Frank withheld from publication. Anne is portrayed as a multi-dimensional teenager with flaws as well as charms. Where other dramatic productions usually end when the secret annex is discovered, this version follows the Frank family to the death camps, including a scene of Anne comforting her dying sister, Margot. This version actually indicts one particular Dutch woman for betraying the Franks to the Nazis when, in fact, evidence remains inconclusive. Young actress, Hannah Taylor-Gordon, gives an outstanding performance as Anne. The film also stars Ben Kingsley and Brenda Blethyn. NOTE: This production is not intended for young children, due to graphic final scenes in the concentration camp.

3 hrs. 9 min.  AGE:  14 to Adult

940.54

ASSIGNMENT: RESCUE (The Story of Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee)

Ass

(1997)

Short documentary about Varian Fry, an American journalist and editor who witnessed and wrote about the first pogroms in Berlin. When France fell to the Germans in 1940, Fry was sent by the Emergency Rescue Committee for three weeks to rescue 200 of the most famous intellectual refugees. Against opposition, he remained 13 months and rescued over 2,000 refugees until expelled from France. Fry died in 1967, and in 1996 he was posthumously honored at Yad Vashem as the first American “Righteous Among the Nations.”

26 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

940.53

THE ATTIC: THE HIDING OF ANNE FRANK  (1992)

Att

The story of Anne Frank as told by Miep Gies, the Dutch woman who hid the Frank family. The film begins with the German invasion of Holland, showing the buildup of persecution, hardship and terror in Amsterdam, and ends after the war’s end, with Mr. Frank returning as his family’s sole survivor. Based on the book Anne Frank Remembered by Miep Gies. Stars Mary Steenburgen and Paul Scofield.

1 hr. 35 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

940.53

AU REVOIR, LES ENFANTS (Goodbye, Children)  (1987)

Au

Set in a Catholic boarding school during the German occupation of France, this film tells the story of Jean, a 12-year-old Jewish boy who is being hidden from the Nazis by a courageous French priest. Jean’s friend, Julien, a Catholic schoolboy, watches and says good-bye to his friend—and his childhood—as Jean and the priest are betrayed and deported to Auschwitz. Written and directed by Louis Malle, and based on his childhood experiences in Nazi-occupied France.

In French with subtitles. 1 hr. 43 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

940.53

AUSCHWITZ: IF YOU CRIED, YOU DIED (2001)

Holocaust video created expressly for use in schools and with young people. This video utilizes contemporary multi-racial young people to talk about why the study of the Holocaust remains relevant today. Holocaust survivor Mike Vogel is profiled, as he and fellow survivor and friend David Mandel return to Auschwitz after 40 years. Rather than a chronological study, this film concentrates on ethical issues of the Holocaust and how they relate to our world. It stresses to students that the victims were people, just like us, whose lives were cut short by hatred and prejudice. Mike Vogel and David Mandel were 14 and 16 when they were sent to Auschwitz – both were boys who went to school, played sports and hung out with friends, just like kids today. References are made to the tragedies of 9/11 and the school shootings at Columbine – both spurred by hatred. Note: Teachers will want to use this film after students are already familiar with Holocaust history. Its emphasis is more on ethics, and trying to get students to personalize the lessons of the Holocaust. Perfect length for classroom use. Includes a scene of a shooting and scenes of the crematoria and dead bodies. Study guide included.

25 min.  AGE:  13 to Adult

940.53

AUSCHWITZ: RECOLLECTIONS OF PRISONER NO. 1327  (1992)

Aus

Polish-made film which is a first person testimony by Kazimierz Smolen who was a prisoner in Auschwitz for four and a half years. Smolen is a Polish gentile who had been arrested in 1940 when he tried to escape German-occupied Poland. After a year in the camp, the Germans put him to work recording the names and numbers of new arrivals—a job he held until liberation. After the war, Smolen worked as the long-time director of the “KI Auschwitz” museum and is considered an authority on German concentration camps. He also served as a key witness in Nazi war crime trials. Smolen takes viewers on a tour of Auschwitz, describing in detail what took place there.

42 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

940.53

AUSCHWITZ: THE FINAL WITNESS  (1999)

Aus

Holocaust documentary which focuses on three survivors who were sondercommandos—Jewish prisoners whose job it was to clear out the gas chambers and burn the bodies in the crematoria. Very few sondercommandos survived the war. Two brothers and their cousin return together to Auschwitz and describe their experiences as sondercommandos. All three were Greek Jews who were transported to Auschwitz/Birkenau in 1944 and were the only members of their families to survive. Their testimonies are invaluable as they are rare, eyewitness accounts of what happened in the gas chambers and crematoria. Note: The film has three separate parts and the screen goes blank for 1-2 minutes between each section. Includes some graphic testimony.

53 min.  AGE: 16 to Adult

Over forty female musicians from across Europe performed in the Auschwitz orchestra, beginning in 1943. This fascinating documentary includes interviews with eleven of these Holocaust survivors who were reunited fifty years after the war. Each tells her own story (in her own language) of how she became part of this orchestra, what she experienced, and how it has affected her life. Responses varied greatly; some tried to put the past behind them and live for the future, while others were haunted by their memories on daily basis. The orchestra was directed by Alma Rose, a descendant of Mahler, who did not survive the war. The women tell how they had to play each morning for the laborers to march to work; how they played for new arrivals to the camp; and how they played on command for the Nazis’ entertainment. Most difficult of all, they relate how they were forced to play music during the selection process, knowing innocent people were being sent to their deaths. One woman played while her own parents were sent to the crematoria. The orchestra members came from many countries, including France, Germany and Czechoslovakia. Note: Includes a few graphic images.

In French, Czech, German and Hebrew with subtitles.  1 hr. 45 min.  AGE:  14 to Adult

940.53

BECAUSE OF THAT WAR  (1989)

Bec

An extraordinary film in which two of Israel’s leading rock musicians, Yeheda Poliker and Ya’acov Gilad, tell of their experiences growing up as children of Holocaust survivors, interspersed with their songs and their parents stories of how they survived the Holocaust. Poliker’s father was a Greek Jew—the only one of fifty extended family members to survive—and he describes the fate suffered by many Greek Jews. Gilad’s mother—a Polish Jew who survived Treblinka, Majdanek and the death march—is an active speaker on the Holocaust, as well as a writer and poet on the subject. Note: The testimony of both parents is quite painful to listen to in parts. Teachers must preview before showing.

In Hebrew with subtitles. 1 hr. 30 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

JHVC

940.53

The Boat Is Full  (1980)

Boa

In 1942, Switzerland declared that it had more than enough refugees, and according to Swiss law, Jews fleeing the Nazis were to be sent back. They explicitly were not considered political refugees, who were eligible for asylum, as were soldiers deserting from the German army. The only exceptions were children under the age of six, along with their parents, and the elderly. The Boat Is Full  is a drama of five Jews who escape from Germany and attempt to elude deportation by posing as a family that qualifies to stay in Switzerland. The five are both protected and betrayed by a rural innkeeper and her husband, who respond to the strangers in their midst with a shifting mix of suspicion, resentment, humanity, compassion and doubt. The refugees' story ultimately unravels, and small-minded Swiss bureaucrats carry out the letter of the law.

In German with subtitles. 1 hr. 44 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

JHVC

940.53

Border Street  (1948)

Bor

In 1940, German troops occupying Warsaw herded the city's Jewish population behind a wall enclosing the ghetto district. Over the next few years, the Nazis began systematically deporting the community to concentration camps. By 1943, the population had dwindled from 500,000 to 60,000. The remaining Jews staged a valiant uprising in April of that year, fighting to near extinction against their oppressors. Border Street, one of the first post­war films to depict the Holocaust, captures the fervor and terror of the Warsaw Ghetto uprising, as seen through the eyes of four youths. Bronek and Wladek are gentiles who consider the occupation an affront to their Polish heritage. For Jews David and Jadzia, fighting back is their only choice. Their stories intertwine in an emotional fury as they gallantly defend their lives.

B&W. 2 hrs. 2 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

Well produced and interesting documentary which takes a closer look at the experiences of the children of Holocaust survivors. The film looks at one of the early “Second Generation” groups which gathered together to communicate and share common experiences. Parents and children are also filmed dialoging with each other about how the parents’ experiences into the Shoah and their reactions to them have affected their children’s lives. Commentaries on the interactions are provided by Dr. Robert Jay Lifton, Professor Helen Epstein and Professor Moshe Waldocks, a child of survivors himself. The film often captures conversations between parent and child that may never have otherwise taken place, as grown children question parents on why they never disclosed information about their lives in the camps. Although filmed in the 1980’s, the issues presented here remain relevant as the ripple effects of the Holocaust continue to affect generations to come.

58 min.  AGE:  12 to Adult

F

BROKEN GLASS  (1996)

Bro

The story of an American Jewish housewife who experiences sudden unexplained paralysis to her legs after reading about the anti-Semitic riots in 1938 Nazi Germany. A Jewish doctor—played by Mandy Patinkin—investigates her condition and learns of her unhappy marriage to a self-hating Jew. The doctor slowly puts the pieces together that connect her paralysis, the events in Germany and her strange marriage. Based on an award-winning play by Arthur Miller and produced for Masterpiece Theatre.

1 hr. 40 min.  AGE: Adult

Bro

(DVD)

A series of five separate distinct Holocaust films produced by Steven Spielberg’s Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation. The Foundation commissioned filmmakers from five different countries to document experiences of Holocaust survivors. Each film is in a different language (all with English subtitles), and includes a combination of documentary footage and first person survivor testimony.  

Total time for series:  4 hrs. 43 min.  AGE:  Adult

SOME WHO LIVED (Algunos Que Vivieron)

Argentine filmmaker Luis Puenzo weaves together testimonies from Holocaust survivors now living in Argentina and Uruguay with documentary footage. He also examines connections between Nazism and the darker chapters of Argentine history.

In Spanish with subtitles.

EYES OF THE HOLOCAUST (A Holocaust Szemei)

Hungarian documentary from director Janos Szasz, the son of Holocaust survivors, which focuses on survivors who were children during the Holocaust.

In Hungarian with subtitles.

CHILDREN OF THE ABYSS

Russian Holocaust survivors speak of their experiences of resistance, betrayal, collaborators, rescuers and bystanders. Some of them also refer to their desire for revenge. Included are scenes and horrific tales of the work of the Einsatzgruppen – the German forces sent to Russia to murder Jews in cold blood (often forcing them to dig their own graves). Actual survivors and eyewitnesses of these mass murders describe them. Directed by Academy Award nominated director Pavel Chukhrag. Note: This particular film has some of the most horrifying and devastating footage among Holocaust documentaries. It is extremely well done – but viewers must be prepared and pre-warned.

In Russian with subtitles.

I REMEMBER (Pamietam)

Polish documentary about four Holocaust survivors who were either helped or betrayed by their Polish neighbors. Directed by Academy Award honoree, Andrzeg Wajda.

In Polish with subtitles.

HELL ON EARTH (Peklo na Zemi)

Czech documentary which focuses on Theresienstadt, the “model” Czech ghetto set up by the Nazis to deceive the world about how well the Jews were treated. Directed by Czech filmmaker, Vojtech Jasny.

                        In Czech with subtitles.

940.53

BUCHENWALD 1991: A PERSONAL TOUR  (1991)

Buc

Personal video taken by an unknown individual during his 1991 visit to Buchenwald. Shows the main buildings, crematoria, and “museum” at Buchenwald with narration of what happened to prisoners there. Note: Since this is a personal video, vocal quality is not always clear, and overall quality is not comparable to commercial films.

15 min.  AGE: Adult

F

THE CAFETERIA (1984)

Dramatization of an Isaac Bashevis Singer short story which originally aired on American Playhouse. The story focuses on the relationship between Aaron, a successful Jewish European born Jewish writer and a young woman – a Polish Holocaust survivor – who meet in a cafeteria in 1960’s New York. The writer, Aaron, was probably modeled after Singer himself. Although Aaron teaches at the university and lectures around the world, he prefers to live above a Kosher butcher shop on the West End in New York and frequents the cafeteria for lunch. The cafeteria is filled with a variety of “old time” Jews who speak Yiddish with him and argue politics and philosophy. Then one day in the cafeteria, Aaron is fascinated by a young female factory worker – an intriguing woman who survived German concentration camps and Russian prison camps. The two become friends and meet infrequently over the years, until Esther tells Aaron a story that sounds unbelievable to him, leading the viewer to question what is real and what is not.

53 min. AGE:  14 to Adult

Two Holocaust survivors, Paula and David, met after the war, marry and have two children. Paula had lost her first husband and children during the Holocaust. When this film opens in the late 1960s, the two are living together in American with their teenage sons. Then Paula gets a phone call telling her that her son, Alec (from Eastern Europe) had survived the war and is in New York. This opens many painful wounds, as Paula and David never discussed in detail their Holocaust experiences with their children. The viewer watches anxiously as Paula prepares for the journey to New York to discover whether or not her son actually survived after all these years. Rated R.

1 hr. 51 min.  AGE:  17 to Adult

JHVC

In the 1920’s the German Jewish community of about half a million people was mainly urban and secular, with a substantial proportion in the professions, finance, and retail trade. The accession of Hitler in 1933 and the swift imposition of anti-Semitic laws took many by surprise, and they struggled to gauge what the future might hold. The Camera of My Family is narrated by Catherine Hanf Noren, whose family made the difficult decision to flee Germany in 1938, just before it was too late. Years later, in old family photographs, Noren discovers haunting images of family outings, decorated soldiers who proudly fought for Germany in World War I, her grandfather's factory in Dachau—all testimony to the integration of German-Jews into the larger society. The trove of photographs leads her to ask questions: Who am l? Where do I belong? How did those to whom I am connected live and die?

18 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

940.53

CAMP OF HOPE AND DESPAIR: WITNESSES OF THE WESTERBORK

Cam

CONCENTRATION CAMP 1939-1945  (1990)

Documentary about the Westerbork Concentration Camp in Eastern Holland, originally erected by the Dutch in 1939 as a refugee camp for German Jews. In 1942, it was taken over by the occupying Nazis to be used as a stopping place for Dutch Jews on their way to Nazi concentration camps. The film was produced by Willy Lindwer and consists primarily of the eyewitness accounts of Westerbork survivors who describe daily life in the camp. Includes documentary film footage of the camp.

Color/B&W. 1 hr. 10 min.  AGE: 13 to Adult

940.53

THE CHILDREN OF IZIEU  (1992)

Chi

Documentary about the Jewish children in an orphanage in the French village of Izieu who were sent to their deaths on April 6, 1944, by the orders of Klaus Barbie. Barbie sent two vans to transport the forty-four Jewish children and their five adult caretakers to Auschwitz where they were immediately gassed. Includes interviews with the Klarsfelds, who tracked down Klaus Barbie in Peru, as well as with adults who had been children in Izieu before the raid, and members of the Resistance. Note: The film alternates between showing photographs with narration, personal testimonies, and black and white drawings. The English is sometimes difficult to understand due to the heavy accents.

In English and French with subtitles. 28 min.  AGE: 13 to Adult

940.53

CHILDREN REMEMBER THE HOLOCAUST  (1995)

Chi

Documentary relating the experiences of Jewish children during the Holocaust. Narrated by Keanu Reeves, this powerful film is enhanced by children’s voices reading the actual diaries kept by children during that horrific time. Authentic film footage and stills illustrate the children’s words, which chronologically tell Holocaust history while capturing the complex emotions of children experiencing death and pain all around them. Study guide available. Note: This presentation is extremely graphic and moving as it focuses on the children and what they saw. It includes explicit film footage of beatings and corpses, as well as descriptions of torture and murder. Most suitable for adult viewing or for high school students with close supervision and guidance.

46 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

940.53

CHOOSING ONE’S WAY: RESISTANCE IN AUSCHWITZ/BIRKENAU  (1994)

Cho

Over a dozen survivors of Auschwitz share their recollections of resistance at the death camp. Inspired by the Holocaust film Night and Fog, this video is narrated by Ellen Burstyn.

30 min.  AGE: 14 to Adult

940.53

CONSPIRACY: THE MEETING AT WANNSEE (2001)

Dramatization of the Wannsee Conference, where 15 high-ranking Nazis met on January 20, 1942 near Berlin, to plan the “Final Solution to the Jewish problem.”  The film is based on the one surviving copy of Adolf Eichmann’s transcript of the Conference. The Wannsee Conference was organized by Eichmann and led by Reinhardt Heydrich, Himmler’s second in command. In just 2 hours, Heydrich generated unanimous support for a plan to exterminate the Jews of Europe. Stars Kenneth Branagh as Heydrich and Stanley Tucci as Adolf Eichmann. The film depicts, for viewers, how ordinary government officials – educated men - planned together the murder of millions of innocent people.

1 hr. 40 min.  AGE:  13 to Adult

940.54

THE COURAGE TO CARE  (1985)

Cou

Nominated in 1986 for an Academy Award, this documentary is an unforgettable encounter with four ordinary people who followed their consciences, risking their lives to protect Jews from Nazi persecution. Their deeds refute those who allege that individuals were powerless against the Third Reich. Their acts affirm the presence of a spark of humanity in an era shamed by apathy and complicity. Study guide available.  (Additional copy of the video is available under 940.54 Wal.)

28 min.  AGE: 12 to Adult

Holocaust documentary which examines the role of the Church and Christian leaders during the Holocaust. Directed by John Michalczyk, a former Jesuit priest, the film look at some of the anti-Semitic doctrine found within Christianity and explores the influence these may have on Nazi policy. The film questions why there wasn’t more of an outcry from Christian leaders and neighbors while the Nazis persecuted the Jews. Through documentary film footage, photos and numerous interviews, the film also briefly retells Holocaust history. Interviews include Protestant, Catholic and Jewish scholars and clergy, as well as Holocaust survivors. Examples of Christians who protested Nazi policy and aided Jews, including Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Schindler, Wallenberg and Pastor Trochme and the Village of LeChambon, are highlighted. America’s stance and the position of the Vatican during the Holocaust are also discussed. Last, there’s brief mention of how the Vatican aided Nazi war criminals after the war. The film ends by describing ways the church has formally re-evaluated their traditional positions of anti-Semitism and developed more of a Christian-Jewish dialogue. Includes graphic footage. Note: This film offers a mixed view of Pius XII’s action – or inaction – during the war. It neither totally defends or condemns him. Rather than condemning the Pope for not taking a strong stand, the film shifts the blame to the collective guilt of Christian bystanders.

52 min.  AGE:  16 to Adult